M3

Look at the list of constructs/theories/models below. You can read more about them in the Lecture Supplement or find one on your own. Module 3 Topics for Further Research Anthropology Theories/Constructs Related to Tourism Modern Imperialism (Nash, 1977) Neocolonialism and Tourism Tourism as a Cultural Change Agent Tourism as Symbolic Superstructure (Graburn, 1983) Tourism Readiness (Jamieson, 1997) Staged Authenticity (MacCannell, 1973/76) Disneyfication Touristification Theme Parkization (when cities become like theme parks) Tourism Liminality (Turner & Turner, 1978) Acculturation and Tourism Sociology Theories Related to Tourism Irridex Model (G.V. Doxey, 1975) The Tourist Gaze (John Urry) New Paradigms of Mobilities (Sheller, & Urry, 2004, 2006): Travel used to be The Tour (home and away were binary/separate), now that has completely changed thanks to technology. This includes sub-theories like: Home & Away From Home (White & White, Paris, 2012): Telecommunications creates the ability to (mostly) be home and away from home at the same time Multi-Locality (My Home(s) Here and There [multiple home ownership in multiple places] (Haldrup, 2004; Hall & Muller, 2004), or maybe no need for home at all (digital nomads) Societal Dissonance and Tourism Cultural Effect on Travel Trends (Hofstede, 1980, 2001) Site Sacralization Theory (MacCannell, 1976) Psychology Theories Related to Travel Hodophobia: The fear of travel Xenophobia: The fear of foreigners and/or unfamiliar people Nomophobia: The fear of being out of mobile phone contact Macrophobia: The fear of long waits Autophobia: The fear of being isolated/alone Pair Psych Founder Theories with Tourism: Psychoanalytic Theory Sex/Aggression/Unconscious Needs Freud Psychoanalytic Theory Arousal, Create, Self-Actualize/Archetypes Jung Learning Theory Need to Reduce Tension Hall Trait Theory Repeat Satisfying Behaviors Allport Social Learning Theory Mastery, Efficacy, Achievement Bandura Humanistic Theory Humans Have Hierarchy of Needs Maslow Cognitive Approach Satisfy Curiosity Berlyne Personal Construct Theory Need to Predict and Explain the World Kelly Maslows Hierarchy of Needs & Tourism Travel Career [Needs] Ladder: (Pearce et al., 1998) Push & Pull Factors of Tourism Motivation Optimal Arousal Theory (Iso-Ahola, 1980) Tourist Psychographics Allocentric-Psychocentric Model/ (Plog, 1974, 2001)