This research examines the impact of the interrelationship between external and internal threats on the security of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) from 2014 to 2025. The study conceptualizes security within the framework of Barry Buzans Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT), which is used to define and contextualize security dynamics as they relate to the Kurdistan Region and its surrounding environment. The theoretical framework of the study is grounded in David Carments Authority, Legitimacy, and Capacity (ALC) model, which is commonly employed in the analysis of failed states and national security failure. This model is applied to assess the extent to which weaknesses in governance, institutional legitimacy, and state capacity contribute to the vulnerability of the KRIs security and shape its exposure to both internal and external threats. By integrating RSCT with the ALC framework, the study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of how regional dynamics and domestic governance challenges interact to influence the overall security of the Kurdistan Region.
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